Computer

Computer Definition :-

1. An electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program.
2. A person who makes calculations, esp. with a calculating machine.

Computer Hardware Definition:-

Hardware is a comprehensive term for all of the physical parts of a computer, as distinguished from the data it contains or operates on, and the software that provides instructions for the hardware to acoomplish tasks. The boundary between hardware and software is slightly blurry - firmware is software that is "built-in" to the hardware, but such firmware is usually the province of computer programmers and computer engineers in any case and not an issue that computer users need to concern themselves with.
A typical computer (Personal Computer, PC) contains in a desktop or tower case the following parts:

• Motherboard which holds the CPU, main memory and other parts, and has slots for expansion cards
• power supply - a case that holds a transformer, voltage control and fan
• storage controllers, of IDE, SCSI or other type, that control hard disk , floppy disk, CD-ROM and other drives; the controllers sit directly on the motherboard (on-board) or on expansion cards
• graphics controller that produces the output for the monitor
• the hard disk, floppy disk and other drives for mass storage
• interface controllers (parallel, serial, USB, Firewire) to connect the computer to external peripheral devices such as printers or scanners

Computer Hardware Categories:-

So what are the main components of a computer system?

• Motherboard - A motherboard is the central or primary circuit board making up a computer system or other complex electronic system
• Storage - The terms storage or memory refer to those parts of a computer that retain data for some period of time, possibly even after the computer is turned off
• Input/output devices - or I/O, refers to the interfaces that different functional units of a system use to communicate among each other, or to the signals sent through those interfaces

Computer Software Definition:-

Software is a generic term for organized collections of computer data and instructions, often broken into two major categories: system software that provides the basic non-task-specific functions of the computer, and application software which is used by users to accomplish specific tasks.
System software is responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing the individual hardware components of a computer system so that other software and the users of the system see it as a functional unit without having to be concerned with the low-level details such as transferring data from memory to disk, or rendering text onto a display. Generally, system software consists of an operating system and some fundamental utilities such as disk formatters, file managers, display managers, text editors, user authentication (login) and management tools, and networking and device control software.
Application software, on the other hand, is used to accomplish specific tasks other than just running the computer system. Application software may consist of a single program, such as an image viewer; a small collection of programs (often called a software package) that work closely together to accomplish a task, such as a spreadsheet or text processing system; a larger collection (often called a software suite) of related but independent programs and packages that have a common user interface or shared data format, such as Microsoft Office, which consists of closely integrated word processor, spreadsheet, database, etc.; or a software system, such as a database management system, which is a collection of fundamental programs that may provide some service to a variety of other independent applications.
Software is created with programming languages and related utilities, which may come in several of the above forms: single programs like script interpreters, packages containing a compiler, linker, and other tools; and large suites (often called Integrated Development Environments) that include editors, debuggers, and other tools for multiple languages.

Computer Software Packages:-

• Operating systems - In computing, an operating system (OS) is the system software responsible for the direct control and management of hardware and basic system operations
• Graphics programs - A graphics program is a piece of computer software that enables a user to modify or view graphics files
• Office applications and suites - Office applications suite, also called Offimatic Suite, is a set of computer programs suitable for typical office work
• Utilities and tools
• Collaborative software - Collaborative software, also known as groupware, is software that integrates work on a single project by several concurrent users at separated workstations
• Computer games